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Campylobacter jejuni
I. Organism Information
A. Taxonomy Information
1. Species
a. Campylobacter jejuni
i. Taxonomy ID: 197
ii. Description:
Campylobacter jejuni is a member of the epsilon group of proteobacteria and is Gram-negative, microaerophilic and motile. C. jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne diarrheal disease throughout the world (1). Humans acquire the organisms by eating undercooked chicken or drinking contaminated milk and water. During the course of infection, hosts show symptoms of fever, cramps, and bloody diarrhea. Campylobacter is an invasive pathogen that penetrates the lining of the small intestine. Upon entry, it excretes toxins that destroy the gut mucosa.
Public health awareness of Campylobacter infections has evolved over more than a century. In 1886, Escherich observed organisms resembling campylobacters in stool samples of children with diarrhea. In 1913, McFaydean and Stockman identified campylobacters. In 1957, King described the isolation of related Vibrio from blood samples of children with diarrhea, and in 1972, clinical microbiologists in Belgium first isolated campylobacters from stool samples of patients with diarrhea. The development of selective growth media in the 1970s permitted more laboratories to test stool specimens for Campylobacter, which were soon recognized as common human pathogens (2).
iii. Variants
Campylobacter jejuni RM1221
Taxonomy ID: 195099
Parent: Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei
Taxonomy ID: 32021
Parent: Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni NCTC 11168
Taxonomy ID: 192222
Parent: Campylobacter jejuni
B. Lifecycle and Morphology
1. One stage
a. Shape:
Vibriod, slender, 0.2-0.5 μm by 0.5-5 μm, may have more than one helical turn. They may also appear S-shaped or gull-wing-shaped when two cells form short chains. Cells in old cutures may form spherical forms (coccoid bodies) (3).
b. Picture:
SEM image of Campylobacter jejuni with size bar by Janice Carr, CDC
C. Genome Summary
1. Genome of Campylobacter jejuni
a. Chromosome of Campylobacter jejuni RM1221
i. Genbank Accession Number: NC_003912
ii. Size: 1,777,831 bp
b. Chromosome of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni NCTC 11168
i. Genbank Accession Number: NC_002163
ii. Size: 1,641,481 bp
c. Plasmid pCJ419
i. Genbank Accession Number: NC_004997
ii. Size: 4,013 bp
d. Plasmid pVir
i. Genbank Accession Number: NC_005012
ii. Size: 37,468 bp
iii. Description: This is a circular plasmid of Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 and has a GC content of 26%. A total of 83% of the plasmid represented coding information, and all but 2 of the 54 predicted open reading frames were encoded on the same DNA strand. Seven genes were found to be orthologs of type IV secretion proteins found in Helicobacter pylori. Seven other pVir-encoded proteins showed significant similarities to proteins encoded by the plasticity zones of either H. pylori J99 or 26695. Mutational analyses of 19 plasmid genes identified 5 additional genes that affect in vitro invasion of intestinal epithelial cells (4).
e. Plasmid pTet
i. Genbank Accession Number: NC_006135
ii. Size: 45,205 bp
II. References
1. Parkhill J, Wren BW, Mungall K, Ketley JM, Churcher C, Basham D, Chillingworth T, Davies RM, Feltwell T, Holroyd S, Jagels K, Karlyshev AV, Moule S, Pallen MJ, Penn CW, Quail MA, Rajandream MA, Rutherford KM, van Vliet AH, Whitehead S, Barrell BG. (2000) The genome sequence of the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni reveals hypervariable sequences. Nature 403(6770):665-668.
3. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th edition. John G. Holt, Noel R. Krieg, Peter H.A. Sneath, James T. Staley, and Stanley T. Williams, editors. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1994, p. 41
4. Bacon DJ, Alm RA, Hu L, Hickey TE, Ewing CP, Batchelor RA, Trust TJ, Guerry P. (2002) DNA sequence and mutational analyses of the pVir plasmid of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176. Infect Immun. 70(11): 6242-6250. Hide info
Campylobacter - Google News
©2008 GoogleUnpasteurized Milk Likely Source of Campylobacter Outbreak Fresh ... - Modern Medicine
 Modern Medicine | Unpasteurized Milk Likely Source of Campylobacter Outbreak Fresh ... Modern Medicine, NJ - 5 (HealthDay News) -- An outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni that occurred in Kansas during 2007 was likely due to the consumption of fresh cheese produced ... |
British Poultry Council to work with Food Standards Agency on ... - FarmersWeekly
British Poultry Council to work with Food Standards Agency on ... FarmersWeekly, UK - "Foodborne illness caused by campylobacter infection is still a problem. We know it is a widespread bacterium and that the chicken's gut provides an ideal ... |
Unpasteurized milk, cheese causes illness - United Press International
Unpasteurized milk, cheese causes illness United Press International - On October 26, 2007, a family health clinic nurse informed the Kansas Department of Health and Environment that Campylobacter jejuni had been isolated from ... |
What is the pathogenesis of C. jejuni-related disease? - EurekAlert (press release)
What is the pathogenesis of C. jejuni-related disease? EurekAlert (press release), DC - Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), a foodborne organism contracted from untreated water, milk and meat, especially chicken, is one of the most important ... |
Ten Ways to Make Sure You Prepare a Safer Seasonal Feast This Year - Natural News.com
Ten Ways to Make Sure You Prepare a Safer Seasonal Feast This Year Natural News.com, AZ - In a US study around a quarter of samples hosted one or more of the range of key poisoning bacteria - Campylobacter, Clostridium, Salmonella and/or Listeria ... |
Scientific Studies Inform Strategy To Reduce Incidence Of ... - Voxy
Scientific Studies Inform Strategy To Reduce Incidence Of ... Voxy, New Zealand - The reports cover aspects of managing campylobacter across the food chain and include on-farm management practices, information about the effectiveness of ... |
Functional identification of HugZ, a heme oxygenase from ... - 7thSpace Interactive (press release)
Functional identification of HugZ, a heme oxygenase from ... 7thSpace Interactive (press release), NY - Results: A gene homologous to hugZ, designated hp0318, identified in H. pylori ATCC 26695, exhibits 66% similarity to cj1613c of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC ... |
Inmates Forced to Drink Poison Water - No Place to Go for Help - OpEdNews
 OpEdNews | Inmates Forced to Drink Poison Water - No Place to Go for Help OpEdNews, PA - ... variously identified as the Norovirus, Campylobacter and, according to one Doctor I spoke to, "a mixture of fecal bacteria" that were never conclusively ... |
Practice Food Safety To Prevent Food-Borne Illness During Holidays - Medical News Today (press release)
Practice Food Safety To Prevent Food-Borne Illness During Holidays Medical News Today (press release), UK - Through December 11, more than 400 cases of the food-borne illnesses Salmonella (141), Campylobacter (248), and E. coli (49) have been reported in South ... Keep loved ones safe from foodborne illness Watch out for foodborne illness during holidays Alleviate chance of food sickness with safe handling |
From A to Z, a handy look at what ails Minnesotans - MinnPost.com
 MinnPost.com | From A to Z, a handy look at what ails Minnesotans MinnPost.com, MN - While most Minnesotans picked up their case of Campylobacter stateside, it's a common cause of "Montezuma's revenge," and about a quarter of the cases in ... |
| Strain annotated in NMPDR | Genome size, bp | Protein Encoding Genes (PEGs) | Named genes in subsystems | Named genes not in subsystems | Hypothetical genes in subsystems | Hypothetical genes not in subsystems | Subsystems | RNAs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Campylobacter coli RM2228 | 1,860,666 | 1,965 | 915(45.4%) | 614(30.4%) | 31(1.5%) | 457(22.7%) | 262 | 56 |
| Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus 82-40 | 1,773,615 | 1,732 | 853(49.2%) | 530(30.6%) | 25(1.4%) | 324(18.7%) | 264 | 3 |
| Campylobacter hominis ATCC BAA-381 | 1,714,951 | 1,744 | 640(36.7%) | 532(30.5%) | 16(0.9%) | 556(31.9%) | 214 | 2 |
| Campylobacter jejuni RM1221 | 1,777,831 | 1,838 | 879(46.7%) | 568(30.2%) | 28(1.5%) | 408(21.7%) | 264 | 53 |
| Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 260.94 | 1,657,846 | 1,717 | 897(50.9%) | 582(33.0%) | 27(1.5%) | 255(14.5%) | 249 | 48 |
| Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 81-176 | 1,699,052 | 1,748 | 853(48.8%) | 574(32.8%) | 36(2.1%) | 285(16.3%) | 244 | 3 |
| Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 84-25 | 1,671,624 | 1,748 | 909(50.7%) | 591(33.0%) | 26(1.5%) | 267(14.9%) | 252 | 49 |
| Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni CF93-6 | 1,676,304 | 1,757 | 910(50.5%) | 604(33.5%) | 25(1.4%) | 263(14.6%) | 251 | 49 |
| Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni HB93-13 | 1,694,788 | 1,711 | 866(50.6%) | 558(32.6%) | 29(1.7%) | 258(15.1%) | 251 | 4 |
| Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni NCTC 11168 | 1,641,481 | 1,633 | 861(52.6%) | 539(32.9%) | 26(1.6%) | 211(12.9%) | 266 | 57 |
| Campylobacter lari RM2100 | 1,562,926 | 1,594 | 836(51.0%) | 497(30.3%) | 26(1.6%) | 281(17.1%) | 251 | 51 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis RM3195 | 1,773,834 | 1,930 | 874(44.2%) | 545(27.6%) | 25(1.3%) | 534(27.0%) | 260 | 51 |
